The electrons in the atom must be orbiting around this central core, like planets around the sun, Rutherford proposed. The atom was mostly empty space.
In March , Rutherford announced his surprising finding at a meeting of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and in May , he published a paper on the results in the Philosophical Magazine. Later Rutherford and Marsden tried the experiment with other elements as the target, and measured their nuclei as well. The solar system model was not immediately accepted. Fortunately, Niels Bohr was soon able to save the solar system model by applying new ideas from quantum mechanics.
He showed that the atom could stay intact if electrons were only allowed to occupy certain discrete orbitals. APS News Archives. Librarians Authors Referees Media Students. Login Become a Member Contact Us. Follow Us.
March Meeting Prize and Award Recipients. So it was a very primitive technique. But of course also a microscope to read the electroscope. Now the microscope was fixed and then you were not supposed to touch it. And of course you were not supposed to clean it.
So years went on without apparatus being cleaned. But apart from the shortcomings it was a very fine lab, nice rooms, and lots of people working there—able people I remember Moseley very well, with whom I was on very friendly terms. I will tell you later about his work. And Charles Darwin was there.
He was lecturing in theoretical physics. And Russell, who later came to Oxford. An Italian, Rossi, did spectroscopic work. He showed that ionium and sodium have the same spectrum. And then Geiger was there. He was an assistant. And also an assistant named Makower, who died since. Geiger and Makower published a book together. And also a chap Robinson, who worked on beta rays. Gray, a New Zealand man.
Marsden who came from Australia. Fajans who came from Germany. And Boltwood was there for a while. He came from Yale. Rutherford invited him in hope that Boltwood, a great chemist, would purify ionium, but he failed as many others. Rutherford arrived with many research questions in mind.
He was not done with the puzzles of the decay families of thorium, radium, etc. Boltwood and Hahn both worked with Rutherford in Manchester, Boltwood in — and Hahn in — That is, he was leaving radio-chemistry to others and turning to physics. Rutherford's early team at Manchester included Geiger and William Kay — , junior laboratory assistant since Rutherford promoted Kay to laboratory steward in , to manage lab equipment and to aid him in his research. In , Kay thought back to his youth with Rutherford in an interview.
The language is quaint, but the description is as close to Rutherford's approach as we get. The questioner was Samuel Devons — , who was one of Rutherford's last students in the s. We used to, I used to set up nearly all his apparatus. You know, when he did his work, you know, oftener than not, he used to tell me and we did a rough experiment, re It gives you And then we would do a rough experiment, and get one or two curves you see, and then straight away button it on to somebody else to do the real work, and that's how he did his They observed these through a microscope and counted the scintillations at different angles of dispersion.
The instrument, which evolved into the "Geiger counter," had a partially evacuated metal cylinder with a wire down its center. They applied a voltage between the cylinder and the wire high enough almost to spark. These then collided with other molecules and produced more ions, and so on. Geiger and Rutherford published several articles in and on these methods and their use.
Geiger is a good man and worked like a slave. He had been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society back in , and he acted as its President from to He was awarded many prizes and honours, including the Rumford Medal, the Copley Medal, the Bressa Prize, the Albert Medal and the Faraday Medal, as well as countless honorary degrees and doctorates.
Rutherford died unexpectedly in Cambridge on 19 October , aged 66, following an operation for an umbilical hernia. As a British peer, protocol at that time required that he be operated on by a titled doctor, and the delay may well have cost him his life.
See the additional sources and recommended reading list below, or check the physics books page for a full list. Whenever possible, I linked to books with my amazon affiliate code, and as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Purchasing from these links helps to keep the website running, and I am grateful for your support!
How fast are we traveling through space?? How fast does light travel? How far is it to space, the Moon, the Sun, the stars, etc? How many stars are there?
He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. Thomson was a Nobel Prize-winning physicist whose research led to the discovery of electrons. James C. Maxwell was a 19th-century pioneer in chemistry and physics who articulated the idea of electromagnetism.
Chemist John Dalton is credited with pioneering modern atomic theory. He was also the first to study color blindness. Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th president of the United States and oversaw the end of the rebuilding efforts of the Reconstruction. French physicist Pierre Curie was one of the founding fathers of modern physics and is best known for being a pioneer in radioactive studies. Physicist Ernest Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity who led the exploration of nuclear physics.
Olivia Rodrigo —.
0コメント