The international community officially regards East Jerusalem as occupied territory. As of now, embassies in Israel are based in the commercial capital, Tel Aviv, although some countries have based their consulate offices in Jerusalem. They also carry temporary Jordanian passports without a national identification number. This means that they are not full Jordanian citizens — they need a work permit to work in Jordan and do not have access to governmental services and benefits such as reduced education fees.
Palestinian Jerusalemites are essentially stateless, stuck in legal limbo — they are not citizens of Israel, nor are they citizens of Jordan or Palestine. Israel treats Palestinians in East Jerusalem as foreign immigrants who live there as a favour granted to them by the state and not by right, despite having been born there.
They are required to fulfil a certain set of requirements to maintain their residency status and live in constant fear of having their residency revoked. Any Palestinian who has lived outside the boundaries of Jerusalem for a certain period of time, whether in a foreign country or even in the West Bank , is at risk of losing their right to live there. They must submit dozens of documents including title deeds, rent contracts and salary slips.
Obtaining citizenship from another country also leads to the revocation of their status. Israel signs agreements with Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon to reach a formal peace treaty within six months, but the effort ultimately fails.
Israel, aided by Britain and France, invades Egypt. The Soviet Union, an ally of Egypt, threatens nuclear retaliation, and the U. Egypt orders the U. The war is an attempt to reverse the defeat of the war. Caught unaware, the Israelis counterattack and win. More than 50 Israeli civilians are killed. The intifada lasts more than five years, ending in September The Israeli military kills 1, Palestinians, including children, according to B'Tselem, an Israeli human rights organization.
Jewish settlers kill 54 Palestinians. It establishes a timetable for a Middle East peace process. It ends without an agreement. Palestinians, frustrated over failures to create a Palestinian state, begin the second intifada in September, which lasts until February B'Tselem estimates more than 3, Palestinians and nearly 1, Israelis are killed. The fighting ends on Jan. The strike is part of an Israeli operation to eliminate weapons and militants in Gaza. Hamas says the killing has "opened the gates of hell.
A senior Hamas leader praises the kidnapping and says it was intended to spark a new Palestinian uprising. The war lasts 50 days and ends with a truce. The embassy is relocated in Embassy is relocated. In , Muslims recaptured the Dome of the Rock and re-designated it as a shrine. Both structures are considered holy to Muslims. The Western Wall is a section of ancient remnant wall from the second Jewish Temple.
Each year, millions of Jews from around the world visit the wall. Because Muslims control the Temple Mount the true site of the ancient Temples , the Western Wall is considered the holiest place where Jews can pray. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built in A. Thousands of Christian pilgrims from around the world travel to this church each year. Many regard it as the holiest Christian site in the world. Jewish law forbids Jews from praying in the Temple Mount. Yet, Israeli forces allow hundreds of Jewish settlers to enter the area routinely, which some Palestinians fear could lead to an Israeli takeover.
In recent years, some Israeli groups have even announced a plan to construct a third Jewish Temple on the Temple Mount. This proposal has outraged Palestinians living in the region. In May , the Palestinian group Hamas presented a document that proposed the formation of a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital. However, the group refused to recognize Israel as a state, and the Israeli government immediately rejected the idea. Today, tensions are still high in and around the city of Jerusalem.
Confrontations between Israeli forces and Palestinians are commonplace. Many international groups and countries support efforts to divide Jerusalem into Israeli and Palestinian sections. But, securing a plan that everyone agrees on is difficult. For security reasons, the compound was cleared of visitors and closed for Muslim Friday prayers for the first time in 17 years. Protests and violent acts have shadowed this precarious situation.
Why is Jerusalem important? The Guardian. History of Jerusalem: Timeline for the History of Jerusalem. Jewish Virtual Library. Brief history of Jerusalem. Jerusalem Municipality. History of Jerusalem from Its Beginning to David.
Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies. What makes Jerusalem so holy? BBC News. What is Jerusalem?
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